What was the impact of the Colombian Exchange on Native American populations?

The correct response centers on the significant and devastating impact that the Colombian Exchange had on Native American populations, particularly through the introduction of diseases by European colonizers. When Europeans arrived in the Americas, they brought with them various pathogens, including smallpox, measles, and influenza, to which Native Americans had no immunity. This lack of exposure meant that these populations suffered catastrophic outbreaks, leading to dramatic declines in their numbers.

It is estimated that millions of Native Americans died from these diseases in the years following European contact. The demographic shift created by such high mortality rates profoundly altered the structure of Native societies and their ability to resist European expansion and colonization. This catastrophic decline played a crucial role in the history of European colonization, as it weakened indigenous resistance and facilitated the establishment of European settlements.

In contrast, the other options don't accurately reflect the overarching historical impact of the Colombian Exchange on Native American populations. While some communities might have experienced technological or agricultural changes over time, these did not compare to the immediate and sweeping effects of disease that caused population declines.