Which African American poet gained recognition for her literary work during the 18th century?

Phillis Wheatley is recognized as the first African American woman to publish a book of poetry, which is a significant achievement given the context of the 18th century. Her collection, "Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral," was published in 1773, making her a pioneering figure in American literature. Wheatley's work often addressed themes of religion, liberty, and her experiences as an enslaved woman, and she garnered respect from contemporaries, including notable figures like George Washington. The timing of her publication and the groundbreaking nature of her achievements in a predominantly white literary world underscore her importance in early American literature.

In contrast, the other figures mentioned are significant in their own rights but belong to different contexts and periods. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Jacobs were more active in the 19th century, focusing on abolition and women's rights, while Zora Neale Hurston emerged in the early 20th century, contributing to the Harlem Renaissance. Thus, Wheatley's unique place in the 18th century establishes her as the correct answer.