Which term best describes the approach taken by George Whitefield during the Great Awakening?

The term "barnstorming" effectively captures George Whitefield's dynamic and energetic approach during the Great Awakening. Whitefield was known for traveling extensively and conducting outdoor revival meetings, often in open fields or public spaces. This method allowed him to reach large audiences, drawing people from various backgrounds who were eager for spiritual renewal. His charismatic preaching style and emotional appeals were instrumental in revitalizing religious fervor across the American colonies.

In contrast to the other options, which suggest more rigid or formal methods of worship, Whitefield's barnstorming encompassed a sense of spontaneity and accessibility. Intellectual sermons might appeal to a more academic audience, while ritualistic worship implies adherence to established church practices, neither of which aligns with Whitefield's populist and passionate approach. Secular outreach would involve non-religious activities, diverging from the religious focus of the Great Awakening itself. Thus, barnstorming stands out as the most fitting descriptor of Whitefield's impactful and widespread revivalist efforts.